[Occurrence Characteristics of Microplastics in Multi-environmental Media and Bellamya aeruginosa of Manao River].

Microplastic pollution poses threats to aquatic ecosystems and human health. In this study, in order to investigate the characteristics of microplastic occurrence in different environmental media, the abundance, particle size, shape, color, and composition types of microplastics in the water column, sediment, riparian zone soil, and the benthic snail Bellamya aeruginosa of the Manao River were analyzed using field sampling, microscopic observation, and Fourier infrared spectroscopy. The results showed that the average abundance of microplastics in the surface water of the Manao River was (5.9±0.26) n·L-1; the abundance of microplastics in the upper sediment (by dry weight) was (1.35±0.1) n·g-1, and that in the lower sediment (by dry weight) was (0.93±0.12) n·g-1. The abundance of microplastics in the near riparian zone soil (by dry weight) was (0.68±0.16) n·g-1, and that in the far riparian zone soil (by dry weight) was (0.69±0.14) n·g-1, and the abundance of microplastics in the B. aeruginosa was (2.06±0.25) n·g-1. The analysis results showed that the abundance of microplastics in the upper and lower sediments were positively correlated; the abundance of microplastics in B. aeruginosa was positively correlated with the abundance of microplastics in the upper and lower sediments, respectively; and the abundance of microplastics in the near and far riparian zone soils were also correlated. Most of the microplastics within each environmental medium and B. aeruginosa were <0.1 mm in size, mainly in the form of fibers and fragments, mainly blue and black in color, and mainly composed of polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE). It was found that microplastics in riparian zone soils mainly originated from the fragmentation and decomposition of agricultural plastic films. The results of this study shed light on the accumulation of microplastics in macrobenthic organisms through the investigation of microplastics in multi-environmental media and in the B. aeruginosa, which helps us to understand the potential ecological risk of microplastics in a comprehensive manner.

[Assessment of Microplastic Pollution and Estimation of Annual Emission Volume in the Dongshan Canal of Yichang City].

Microplastics, as an emerging pollutant, have garnered global attention. Urban areas are key hotspots for the generation of microplastic pollution, whereas urban water bodies act as vital conduits for the dissemination of microplastics to other freshwater environments. In this study, the Dongshan Canal in the urban area of Yichang City was selected as the research subject. Through field sampling, microscopic observation, and Fourier infrared spectroscopy analysis conducted in July and October 2022, the occurrence characteristics and potential pollution sources of microplastics in the water body of the Dongshan Canal were identified and analyzed. The ecological risk and annual emission volume of microplastics in the water body were quantitatively assessed using the risk index (H), pollution load index (PLI) model, and proportional flow method. The results indicated that the average abundances of microplastics in the surface water of the Dongshan Canal were (7 295±1 051) n·m-3 (July) and (5 145±762.6) n·m-3 (October). Fibrous microplastics (27.63%-63.23%), microplastics with a size of <0.5 mm (75.68%-96.2%), and colored microplastics (22.73%-61.83%) dominated the samples, with PE (30.1%) and PET (26.33%) being the predominant materials. The assessment results from the two models classified the ecological risk index of the Dongshan Canal as class Ⅲ, whereas the overall pollution load fell into class I, with certain sampling points reaching class Ⅱ. Estimates revealed that the Dongshan Canal transports approximately 3.37 t of microplastics to the Yangtze River annually. Overall, the microplastic pollution level in the Dongshan Canal of Yichang City could be considered moderate, with potential sources of pollution including laundry wastewater, personal care products, and plastic waste.

Global profiling of protein lactylation in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Lactylation, as a novel posttranslational modification, is essential for studying the functions and regulation of proteins in physiological and pathological processes, as well as for gaining in-depth knowledge on the occurrence and development of many diseases, including tumors. However, few studies have examined the protein lactylation of one whole organism. Thus, we studied the lactylation of global proteins in Caenorhabditis elegans to obtain an in vivo lactylome. Using an MS-based platform, we identified 1836 Class I (localization probabilities > 0.75) lactylated sites in 487 proteins. Bioinformatics analysis showed that lactylated proteins were mainly located in the cytoplasm and involved in the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle) and other metabolic pathways. Then, we evaluated the conservation of lactylation in different organisms. In total, 41 C. elegans proteins were lactylated and homologous to lactylated proteins in humans and rats. Moreover, lactylation on H4K80 was conserved in three species. An additional 238 lactylated proteins were identified in C. elegans for the first time. This study establishes the first lactylome database in C. elegans and provides a basis for studying the role of lactylation.

Comparison of Efficacy and Safety Between Drug-Coated Balloons Versus Drug-Eluting Stents in the Treatment of De Novo Coronary Lesions in Large Vessels: A Study-Level Meta-Analysis of Randomized Control Trials.

BACKGROUND: Drug-coated balloons (DCB) can be used as an alternative to drug-eluting stents (DES) in patients with de novo small vessel coronary artery disease. This study aims to assess the efficacy and safety of solely using DCB versus DES in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for de novo coronary lesions in large vessels. METHOD: A database search was conducted using PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and http://Clinicaltrials.gov for trials comparing DCB only with DES in treating de novo coronary lesions in large vessels. Efficacy outcomes included coronary angiography (CAG), follow-up minimal lumen diameter (MLD), and late luminal loss (LLL). Safety outcomes included target lesion failure [TLF: cardiac death, myocardial infarction (MI), target lesion revascularization (TLR)] and their individual components. RESULTS: We included seven randomized control trials (RCTs) with 816 patients, of which 422 and 394 patients were in the DCB and DES groups, respectively. MLD measured during the 6-12 months follow-up in the DCB group was statistically significantly smaller than in the DES group (MD -0.21, 95% CI -0.34 to -0.07, P = 0.003, I2 = 52%). LLL measured at 6-12 months follow-up was statistically significantly lower in the DCB group than in the DES group (MD -0.13, 95% CI -0.22 to -0.05, P = 0.003, I2 = 60%). TLF, cardiac death, MI, and TLR, were not statistically significantly different between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Use of DCB was associated with less LLL at 6-12 months than DES and was not associated with any increase in adverse clinical events. This data suggests DCB are as effective in treating de novo coronary lesions in large vessels as DES.

[Distribution Characteristics of Microplastics and Their Migration Patterns in Xiangxi River Basin].

Microplastics as a prevalent pollutant in water bodies have recently attracted widespread attention. To investigate the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of microplastics in freshwater rivers and their migration patterns, the surface water, sediments, and subsidence zone of the Xiangxi River, a tributary of the Yangtze River, were sampled and analyzed in November 2020 and April 2021, respectively. The results showed that the average abundance of microplastics in the surface water of Xiangxi River was (6.64±1.32) n·L-1 in flat water and (5.00±1.07) n·L-1 in dry water, the average abundance of microplastics in sediments was (0.56±0.13) n·g-1 in flat water and (0.41±0.09) n·g-1 in dry water, and the average abundance of microplastics in the subsidence zone was (0.53±0.15) n·g-1 in flat water and (0.68±0.18) n·g-1in dry water. There were significant differences in the abundance distribution of microplastics in the surface water, sediments, and subsidence zone (P<0.05). In the surface water and sediments, the particle size of microplastics was mainly distributed in the range of 0.1-0.5 mm, and in the subsidence zone, it mainly ranged from 1-5 mm. The color of microplastics was mainly transparent in the surface water and subsidence zone and blue in sediments. The morphology of microplastics in the Xiangxi River basin was mainly fiber, and the materials were mainly polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP). There were many factors affecting the distribution of microplastics. The analysis results showed that the abundance of microplastics in the surface water was negatively correlated with the flow rate of the water body. The abundance of microplastics in the sediment was related to the substrate type of the riverbed and negatively correlated with the substrate particle size. Combined with the microplastic abundance data of each sampling site, it was found that there was a significant migration process of microplastics in the spatial distribution of the Xiangxi River in the watershed. Along the river longitudinal direction, the longitudinal migration of microplastics in the surface water was along the river direction, and in the vertical direction, it showed the mutual migration between the water body and the subsidence zone and the water body and sediments.

Clinical efficacy of melatonin as adjunctive therapy to non-surgical treatment of periodontitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of adjunctive melatonin supplementation on clinical outcomes after non-surgical periodontal treatment. METHODS: PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of melatonin adjuvant therapy for periodontitis from inception until May 2021. The systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and registered on The International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) (CRD42021250630). The risk of bias of included studies was assessed according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. The pooled effect estimates were calculated by a random-effects model, and results were expressed as weighted mean differences (WMD). RESULTS: Seven RCTs comprising 412 participants were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled results showed that adjuvant use of melatonin for non-surgical periodontal treatment significantly improved the probing depth (PD) [WMD = - 1.18, 95% CI (- 1.75, - 0.62) I2 = 85.7%], clinical attachment loss (CAL) [WMD = - 1.16, 95% CI (- 1.60, - 0.72) I2 = 76.7%] and gingival index (WMD = - 0.29, 95%CI [- 0.48, - 0.11], I2 = 63.6%) compared with non-surgical treatment alone. In addition, subgroup analysis showed that higher doses of melatonin (3-10 mg) significantly improved PD [WMD = - 1.32, 95%CI (- 2.31, - 0.15) I2 = 93%] and CAL [WMD = - 1.30, 95%CI (- 1.80, - 0.81) I2 = 73.7%] compared with lower doses of melatonin (< 3 mg). CONCLUSIONS: We found that adjunctive melatonin supplementation can significantly improve the periodontal status after non-surgical treatment, suggesting that melatonin may be a new adjuvant therapy for periodontitis when non-surgical periodontal treatment alone cannot achieve the desired improvement.

A Novel Partitivirus That Confer Hypovirulence to the Plant Pathogenic Fungus Colletotrichum liriopes.

Here, we report a novel double-stranded RNA virus designated Colletotrichum liriopes partitivirus 1 (ClPV1) from the plant pathogenic fungus C. liriopes. ClPV1 genome has two double stranded RNAs (dsRNAs), named as dsRNA 1 and dsRNA 2, which in the lengths of 1,807 and 1,706 bp, respectively. The dsRNA 1 and dsRNA 2 encoded proteins showing significant amino acid (aa) sequence identity to the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and coat protein (CP) of partitiviruses, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis using the aa sequences of RdRp and CP indicated that ClPV1 was grouped to members of the putative Epsilonpartitivirus genus in the Partitiviridae family. Spherical viral particles in approximately 35 nm in diameter and packaging the ClPV1 genome were isolated. Virus elimination and virus transfection with purified viral particles, and biological comparison revealed that ClPV1 could reduce the virulence and conidia production of C. liriopes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of mycovirus in C. liriopes fungus.

[Propofol target controlled infusion plus a low concentration of sevoflurane inhalation induction anesthesia for the removal of foreign body from tracheobronchus in children].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of propofol target controlled infusion (TCI) plus a low concentration of sevoflurane inhalation induction for the removal of tracheobronchial foreign body in children. METHODS: After the approval of the hospital ethics committee, a total of 90 patients, aged 9 - 36 months old and weighted 8 - 17 kg, were randomly divided into 3 groups: group A, group B and group C. Propofol TCI plus a low concentration of sevoflurane inhalation induction was administered in group A while ketamine or fentanyl plus propofol TCI in group B or C respectively. Effects of anesthesia, complications and recovery durations were observed. RESULTS: The incidence of severe breathholding and bucking during inserting bronchoscope was 1 case in group A, 7 in group B and 5 in group C. There were significant differences between groups A and B (P < 0.05). The minimal intra-operative SpO2 in group B or group C was lower than that in group A (P < 0.01). The cases for intra-operative SpO2 < 95% in group B or group C were more than that in group A (P < 0.01). And the maximal target concentration of propofol was significantly higher than that in group A (P < 0.01). Ten cases in group B had laryngeal stridor and dyspnea during inspirations post-operatively and occurred more frequently than those in group A or C (P < 0.01). As compared with group A and C, post-operative staying lengths and recovery durations were significantly longer in those in group B (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Propofol TCI plus a low concentration of sevoflurane inhalation induction is both safe and practical for the controlled removal of tracheobronchial foreign body in children.

Sufentanil reduces emergence agitation in children receiving sevoflurane anesthesia for adenotonsillectomy compared with fentanyl.

BACKGROUND: Emergence agitation is a common problem in pediatric anesthesia, especially after sevoflurane induction and maintenance anesthesia. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of sufentanil to reduce emergence agitation after sevoflurane anesthesia in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy compared with fentanyl. METHODS: One hundred and five children, aged 3 - 11 years, were randomly allocated to receive normal saline (control group), sufentanil 0.2 µg/kg (S2) or fentanyl 2 µg/kg (F2) 1 minute after loss of the eyelash reflex. Anesthesia was induced and maintained with sevoflurane. Time to tracheal extubation, recovery time, Paediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED) scale, and emergence behavior were assessed. RESULTS: The incidence of severe agitation was significantly lower in S2 and F2 groups vs. the control group, 4/32 and 15/34 vs. 24/34 respectively, (P = 0.002, 0.009, respectively). PAED scales were significantly different among three groups (P = 0.007), and lower in the S2 and F2 groups than in the control group (P = 0.007 and P = 0.025, respectively). And the incidence of severe agitation and the PAED scale score was significantly different between the S2 and F2 groups (P = 0.007, P = 0.019, respectively). Time to tracheal extubation and recovery time were similar in all three groups. CONCLUSIONS: Administration of sufentanil at 0.2 µg/kg after induction of anesthesia reduced emergence agitation in children receiving sevoflurane anesthesia for adenotonsillectomy compared with fentanyl. This was without delaying the recovery time or causing significant hypotension.

[Optimal concentrations of sevoflurane and propofol for laryngeal mask airway insertion in Chinese boys of different ages].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the optimal concentrations of sevoflurane and propofol for laryngeal mask airway (LMA) insertion in Chinese boys of different ages. METHODS: 200 boys with ASA status I weighting 7 - 53 kg undergoing inguinal operation were divided into 4 groups (n = 50) according to age: Group A (aged 7 m-1 yr), Group B (1 - 3 yrs), Group C (4 - 6 yrs), and Group D (7 - 11 yrs). No premedication was given. General anesthesia was induced with propofol intravenous infusion at target effect-site concentration by target controlled infusion (TCI) using children Marsh model (Subgroups As, Bs, Cs, and Ds, 25 cases for each subgroup) or sevoflurane inhalation combined with 50% N2O (Subgroups Ap, Bp, Cp, and Dp, 25 cases for each subgroup) the optimal concentration was predetermined according to the modification of Dixon's up-and-down method. The size of LMA was determined according to the boy's weight and reverse technique was used to place LMA. The insertion conditions were noted as satisfactory when the jaw was relaxed, lash reflex disappeared, no coughing, gagging, swallowing, and laryngospasm was seen, and limb movement was minimal. RESULTS: The levels of ED(50) of P(ET)-sevoflurane for LMA insertion in Subgroups As, Bs, Cs, and Ds were 2.96% (95% CI 2.58% - 3.44%), 2.62% (95% CI 2.31% - 2.90%), 2.16% (95% CI 1.97% - 2.33%), and 1.89% (95% CI 1.66% - 2.24%) respectively. The levels of ED(50) of target effect site concentration with propofol for LMA insertion in Subgroups Ap, Bp, Cp, and Dp were 4.74 microg/ml (95% CI 4.49 - 5.13 microg/ml), 4.33 microg/ml (95% CI 4.07 - 4.62 microg/ml), 4.10 microg/ml (95% CI 3.90 - 4.31 microg/ml), and 3.65 microg/ml (95% CI 3.24 - 3.98 microg/ml) respectively. CONCLUSION: The ED(50) level of P(ET)-sevoflurane or target effect site concentration with propofol for LMA insertion in Chinese boys decreases gradually along with the increase of age.